The Code Book by Simon Singh

The Code Book leads readers on a journey through the history of coding, cryptography, and codebreaking. From primitive to high tech, Singh effectively crafts a narrative that turns cyphers into living, breathing beings that mutate from their humble beginnings as ancient hieroglyphics, into complex mathematical equations, that ultimately land on the shore of Internet surfing — communication by email. The incessant tug-of-war between code-makers and code-breakers kept my eyes darting from page to page as every seemingly unbreakable, gradually more complex code was peeled back to its essence and disposed of resourcefully.

The Medici by Paul Strathern

In The Medici, Paul Strathern presents a masterful narrative of one of the most influential families in the history of Florence, Italy. Strathern adeptly interweaves the Medici family's story with the broader historical and cultural context of Renaissance Italy, providing readers with a profound understanding of the era in which they flourished.

Intellectuals and Society by Thomas Sowell

Intellectuals and Society is a masterful treatise that delves deeply into the intricate interplay between intellectuals and society. With an astute and penetrating analysis, Sowell compels readers to question their long-held assumptions regarding the role of intellectuals in shaping public discourse and public policy. Drawing on a rich array of historical examples and a keen understanding of human nature, Sowell's meticulous arguments reveal the complexities and nuances of the intellectual landscape.

Democracy's Discontent by Michael J. Sandel

The 1990s were a heady time. The Cold War had ended, and America’s version of liberal capitalism seemed triumphant. And yet, amid the peace and prosperity, anxieties about the project of self-government could be glimpsed beneath the surface. Fast forward to 2023, democracy’s discontent persists. Abetted by pandemic, hyper partisanship, recalcitrant racial injustice, and toxic social media, the discontent is now more acute than it was a quarter century ago— more rancorous, even lethal.

Economic Facts and Fallacies

Undefined words have a special power in politics, particularly when they invoke some principle that engages people’s emotions.

“Fair” is one of those undefined words which have attracted political support for various policies. While the fact that the word is undefined is an intellectual handicap, it is a huge political advantage. People with very different views on substantive issues can be unified and mobilized behind a word that papers over their differing, and sometimes even mutually contradictory, ideas. Who, after all, is in favor of unfairness? And who, after all, dares to point out the fallacies of a belief as long as it carries the “intent” for fairness?

Justice by Michael J. Sandel

What is Justice?

To ask whether a society is just, is to ask how it distributes the resources we prize—income and wealth, duties and rights, powers and opportunities, offices and honors. A just society distributes these goods in a reasonable way; it gives each person his or her due. The hard question begins when we ask what is the reasonable way, what people are due, and why.

Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond

The book attempts to explain why Eurasian and North African civilizations have survived and conquered others, while arguing against the idea that Eurasian hegemony is due to any form of Eurasian intellectual, moral, or inherent genetic superiority. The author brought forth the central thesis that it is not racial biology that determines the victors in history but rather a complex combination of agriculture, geography, population density, and continental orientation. Societies that had a head start in food production advanced beyond the hunter-gatherer stage, and then developed writing, technology, government, and organized religion—as well as nasty germs and potent weapons of war—and adventured on sea and land to conquer and decimate preliterate cultures. Throughout the book, Diamond showed us how history is not just “one damn fact after another” as cynic put it. There really are broad patterns to history, and the search for their explanation is as productive as it is fascinating.

1Q84 by Haruki Murakami

As a Murakami fan, I have to stop people from reading this book to save Murakami’s reputation. Seriously, go read Kafka on the Shore or The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle. I’ll get into this novel, and explain why you should read Murakami’s other work instead of this.

Living in Data by Jer Thorp

To live in data in the 21st century is to be incessantly extracted from, indexed, classified, and categorized, sold, discriminated against, and monitored. The new data reality is made by us, but it isn’t for us. Data come from us, but rarely return to us. In the book Living in Data, Data artist Jer Thorp takes an enlightening excursion through human’s ever-changing relationship with data, and asks the crucial questions of our time: How do we stop passively inhabiting data, and instead become active citizens of it? How can we build new data systems that start as two-way streets where data can actually service the belonging?

What Money Can't Buy by Michael J. Sandel

We live in a time when almost everything can be bought and sold. Over the past three decades, markets and market values have come to govern our lives as never before. What Money Can’t Buy is a book that takes up one of the missing debates in contemporary politics of our time: Is there something wrong with a society in which everything is for sale? Are there any moral limits of markets? If yes, what are they? How can we prevent market values from reaching into spheres of life where we have decided that they don't belong?

Religion for Atheists by Alain De Botton

This book is written by an atheist for atheists. The author, Alain de Botton , bases his comments on the premise that supernatural claims of religion are false, yet, we can discover religions as repositories of a myriad ingenious concepts which we can try to assuage a few of the most persistent and unattended ills of secular life. The author believed that the error of modern atheism has been to disregard the multiple aspects of the faiths remain relevant even after their central tenets have been dismissed. It is when people cease to feel that they must either prostrate themselves before religion or denigrate them, we can import religious ideas into the secular realm.

Plural Logic by Alex Oliver and Timothy Smiley

When singularists attempt to address multiple things at once, they create this ambiguous interpretation. The sentences above contain collective predicates, which apply to their arguments collectively, not individually. As a result, the theory of plural quantification stated that plurals cannot be satisfactorily analyzed in terms of the singular. Thus, plural reference, plural quantification, and plural predication must be recognized as primitive. They can then form part of genuinely plural logics.

How Proust Can Change Your Life by Alain de Botton

Humans are dedicated to suffering.

Various reasons to be inconsolable abound: the frailty of our bodies, the feebleness of our souls, the fickleness of love, the insincerities of social life, the compromises of relationships, the deadening effects of habits. In the face of such perpetual ills, one might see that no event would be awaited with greater anticipation than the moment of our own death.

The question is: How to suffer successfully?

Basic Writings of Nietzsche by Friedrich Nietzsche

Ever since he went insane and silent in 1889, Nietzsche’s ideas have been most things to most men. Devout Christians can hardly derive any comfort from Nietzsche’s writings, which are centrally preoccupied with a destructive analysis of Christianity, its birth, its triumph, its unfortunate longevity; nor could principled democrats find much to please them in his political views. However, nihilists and existentialists, cosmopolitans and chauvinists, followers of Freud and his critics, Anti-Semites and Philo-Semites, Francophiles and professional Teutons, nature worshipers and pragmatists have all been struggling over Nietzsche’s legacy for a century and more.

The Vision of the Anointed by Thomas Sowell

The author, Thomas Sowell, demonstrates that the prevailing vision of our time emphatically offers a state of grace for those who believe in it. Those who accept this vision are deemed to be not merely factually correct but morally on a higher plane. To paraphrase, to disagree with these visions, even if backed by statistics and empirical evidence, one will still be deemed as not merely incorrect, but selfish or evil. With various examples, Thomas enumerates the pattern of the anointed holding on to their visions, their quest is not for reality but for vision—the vision would allow them to assume their own moral superiority.

Resistance, Rebellion and Death Essays by Albert Camus

There is nothing in Resistance, Rebellion, and Death of the metaphysical Camus; all the subjects are socio-political, and the essay topics vary from the French Spirit, European civilization, colonial warfare in Algeria, to the social cancer of capital punishment, death, resistance, rebellion, and freedom. In this Camus is relatable, not because we necessarily are in concord his views or values, but because consistently and without rest man lived the views and values.

But What If We're Wrong? by Chuck Klosterman

The modern problem is that reevaluating what we consider “true” or “facts” is becoming increasingly difficult. In a frame work where public consensus has become the ultimate arbiter of validity. I would recommend this book to anyone who likes to ask “What if”. Certainty can often be paralyzing. It locks us into paths that may not be preferable. The problem is never about finding what is right, but realizing oneself can be wrong even when proven right.

The Black Swan

Until the 19th century, people were convinced that all swans were white, an unassailable belief derived from millennia of confirmatory sightings of white swans…. Then boom! There comes the discovery of mutant black swans in Australia.