All tagged philosophy

A Kidnapped West: The Tragedy of Central Europe by Milan Kundera

Geographic Europe, from the Atlantic to the Ural Mountains, has always been a land of two distinct worlds. One traced its lineage to ancient Rome and the Catholic Church, its languages shaped by the Latin alphabet. The other drew its roots from Byzantium and the Orthodox Church, adopting Cyrillic script for its tongues. But after 1945, the fragile balance shifted. The dividing line moved several hundred kilometers westward, leaving several nations that had long identified themselves as Western to wake up and find, to their dismay, that they now belonged to the East.

Understanding Ignorance by Daniel R. DeNicola

In a culture of ignorance, appalling ignorance not only flourishes, it is flaunted, even celebrated. It becomes an ideological stance.  The tenacious strain of anti-intellectualism in North American society is well chronicled. It manifests in the disparagement of "book learning," a distorted skepticism towards orthodox views, the elevation of "my common sense" above specialized knowledge, a proclivity for conspiracy theories on a wide range of subjects, and a rural antipathy toward urban existence and its mores. This populist sentiment has long pervaded public discourse. While it may occasionally be motivated by genuine intellectual inquiry, it is often marred by individuals who perversely revel in their own ignorance. In certain instances, this attitude may be rooted in class antagonism, a form of ressentiment directed at intellectual elites, but more commonly, it represents a defensive stance shaped by religious or ideological convictions. Frequently, a disdain for commonly accepted knowledge is buttressed by claims of “private”, “special” insights into "the real truth" insider knowledge of conspiracies, information available only to the initiated, or truths "revealed" to individuals. But such claims to esoteric knowledge by the supposedly savvy are merely forms of ignorance in elaborate disguise.

The Knowledge Machine: How Irrationality Created Modern Science by Michael Strevens

Civilization has spanned millennia, yet modern science—distinct from the ancient and medieval sciences or what was once called natural philosophy—has existed for only a few centuries. Why did it take so long? Why weren’t the ancient Babylonians launching zero-gravity observatories into orbit? Why weren’t the ancient Greeks developing flu vaccines and performing heart transplants? The ancients were certainly not devoid of a thirst to unravel the mysteries of the world.

Religion for Atheists by Alain De Botton

This book is written by an atheist for atheists. The author, Alain de Botton , bases his comments on the premise that supernatural claims of religion are false, yet, we can discover religions as repositories of a myriad ingenious concepts which we can try to assuage a few of the most persistent and unattended ills of secular life. The author believed that the error of modern atheism has been to disregard the multiple aspects of the faiths remain relevant even after their central tenets have been dismissed. It is when people cease to feel that they must either prostrate themselves before religion or denigrate them, we can import religious ideas into the secular realm.